This is a meat grinder! Meat grinders came in various styles, some had a clamp that would hold them onto the edge of a table, some were wall mounted, and some were built to mount permanently onto a table or a board. This meat grinder is the latter type. Meat cuts are pushed into the top funnel, and then the handle (attached to a screw conveyor) would twist and turn the meat cuts, pushing them towards the side end where the final ground meat would drop out. The insides of meat grinders of this sort typically had rows of blades along the screw conveyor that would chop and mince and meat cuts on their way towards the discharge opening.

We found this interesting web site blog about a couple who got one of these vintage meat grinders and put it to use. Check it out, it's interesting! http://www.rural-revolution.com/2012/06/oldl-fashioned-grinder.html